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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Castro_Fidel
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1992-09-03
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1927- . Cuban Communist politician, prime
minister 1959-76 and president from 1976. He
led two unsuccessful coups against the
right-wing Batista regime and led the
revolution that overthrew the dictator 1959.
From 1979 he was also president of the
nonaligned movement, although promoting the
line of the USSR, which subsidized his
regime. Of wealthy parentage, Castro was
educated at Jesuit schools and, after
studying law at the University of Havana, he
gained a reputation through his work for poor
clients. He opposed the Batista dictatorship,
and took part in an unsuccessful attack on
the army barracks at Santiago de Cuba in
1953. After some time in exile in the USA and
Mexico, Castro attempted a secret landing in
Cuba in 1956 in which all but 11 of his
supporters were killed. He eventually
gathered an army of over 5,000 which
overthrew Batista in 1959 and he became prime
minister a few months later. His brother Raul
was appointed minister of armed forces. The
Castro regime introduced a centrally planned
economy based on the production for export of
sugar, tobacco, and nickel. Aid for
developmemt has been provided by the USSR
while Cuba joined COMECON in 1972. By
nationalizing US-owned businesses in 1960
Castro gained the enmity of the USA, which
came to a head in the Cuban missile crisis of
1962. His regime became socialist and he
epoused Marxism-Leninism until, in 1974, he
rejected Marx's formula `from each according
to his ability and to each according to his
need' and decreed that each Cuban should
`receive according to his work'.